Business Research Methods : Business Research Methods? BU2S01 2006/7 Academic Season Assignment 1. Your search for case study solution ends here.The case study method in family business research: Guidelines for qualitative scholarship. In this article, we provide guidelines that are useful to family business researchers when deciding whether and how to use case studies as well as to reviewers and editors when evaluating case study work. Drawing on examples from our published qualitative research and the complementary insights from other case study work in the field, we offer general suggestions for choosing the case study design, defining the unit of analysis, selecting cases (sampling), collecting information, analysing information, presenting results and ensuring validity and reliability in research findings. By outlining the most important and distinctive challenges faced by qualitative researchers of family business and establishing the relevance and usefulness of the case study method for generating new and valuable insights into family businesses, this article attempts to move the family business field beyond its current state, encourages scholars to engage in the case study method in high- quality family business research, and suggests important implications for scholars, reviewers and editors of case studies in the family business field. Case study - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A case study is about a person, group, or situation that has been studied over time. These case studies are likely to appear in formal research venues, as journals and professional conferences, rather than popular works. The resulting body of 'case study research' has long had a prominent place in many disciplines and professions, ranging from psychology, anthropology, sociology, and political science to education, clinical science, social work, and administrative science. For instance, clinical science has produced both well- known case studies of individuals and also case studies of clinical practices. The case that is the subject of the inquiry will be an instance of a class of phenomena that provides an analytical frame . Creswell, data collection in a case study occurs over a . Case- study research can mean single and multiple case studies, can include quantitative evidence, relies on multiple sources of evidence, and benefits from the prior development of theoretical propositions. Similarly, single- subject research might be taken as case studies of a sort, except that the repeated trials in single- subject research permit the use of experimental designs that would not be possible in typical case studies. At the same time, the repeated trials can provide a statistical framework for making inferences from quantitative data. In clarifying lines of history and causation it is more useful to select subjects that offer an interesting, unusual or particularly revealing set of circumstances. When selecting a subject for a case study, researchers will therefore use information- oriented sampling, as opposed to random sampling. Outlier cases (that is, those which are extreme, deviant or atypical) reveal more information than the potentially representative case. Http:// Recommendations for Using the Case Study. Basic Business Research Methods. Method: Case Study Design Method: Focus Groups Method: Interview Design. General Business Research. QR/QR13-4/baxter.pdf Qualitative Case Study. All case study research starts from the same compelling feature: the desire to. BRIEF REFRESHER ON THE CASE STUDY METHOD 5 different research methods. Alternatively it may be chosen because of a researchers' in- depth local knowledge; where researchers have this local knowledge they are in a position to . The object is that theoretical focus . Thus, for example, if a researcher were interested in US resistance to communist expansion as a theoretical focus, then the Korean War might be taken to be the subject, the lens, the case study through which the theoretical focus, the object, could be viewed and explicated. It is thus possible to take many routes through this typology, with, for example, an exploratory, theory- building, multiple, nested study, or an evaluative, theory- testing, single, retrospective study. The typology thus offers many permutations for case- study structure. A closely related study in medicine is the case report, which identifies a specific case as treated and/or examined by the authors as presented in a novel form. These are, to a differentiable degree, similar to the case study in that many contain reviews of the relevant literature of the topic discussed in the thorough examination of an array of cases published to fit the criterion of the report being presented. These case reports can be thought of as brief case studies with a principal discussion of the new, presented case at hand that presents a novel interest. Types of case studies. Stacks identifies three types of case study as used in public- relations research. These types of case study include the following: Illustrative case studies. These are primarily descriptive studies. They typically utilize one or two instances of an event to show what a situation is like. Illustrative case studies serve primarily to make the unfamiliar familiar and to give readers a common language about the topic in question. Exploratory (or pilot) case studies. These are condensed case studies performed before implementing a large scale investigation. Their basic function is to help identify questions and select types of measurement prior to the main investigation. The primary pitfall of this type of study is that initial findings may seem convincing enough to be released prematurely as conclusions. Cumulative case studies. These serve to aggregate information from several sites collected at different times. The idea behind these studies is the collection of past studies will allow for greater generalization without additional cost or time being expended on new, possibly repetitive studies. Critical instance case studies. These examine one or more sites for either the purpose of examining a situation of unique interest with little to no interest in generalizability, or to call into question or challenge a highly generalized or universal assertion. This method is useful for answering cause and effect questions. Generalizing from case studies. A critical case allows the following type of generalization: . Falsification offers one of the most rigorous tests to which a scientific proposition can be subjected: if just one observation does not fit with the proposition it is considered not valid generally and must therefore be either revised or rejected. Popper himself used the now famous example: . The case study is well suited for identifying . The rejection consisted primarily of a conceptual experiment and later on of a practical one. These experiments, with the benefit of hindsight, are self- evident. Nevertheless, Aristotle's incorrect view of gravity had dominated scientific inquiry for nearly two thousand years before it was falsified. In his experimental thinking, Galileo reasoned as follows: if two objects with the same weight are released from the same height at the same time, they will hit the ground simultaneously, having fallen at the same speed. If the two objects are then stuck together into one, this object will have double the weight and will according to the Aristotelian view therefore fall faster than the two individual objects. This conclusion seemed contradictory to Galileo. History. In all these disciplines, case studies were an occasion for creating new theory, as in the Grounded Theory work of sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss. One of the areas in which case studies have been gaining popularity is education and in particular educational evaluation. The problem- based learning (PBL) movement is such an example. When used in (non- business) education and professional development, case studies are often referred to as critical incidents. Ethnography is an example of a type of case study, commonly found in communication case studies. Ethnography is the description, interpretation, and analysis of a culture or social group, through field research in the natural environment of the group being studied. The main method of ethnographic research is through observation where the researcher observes the participants over an extended period of time within the participants own environment. At the same time, many people's first exposure to case studies occurred in the classroom, and teaching case studies have been a highly popular pedagogical format in many fields . Additional relevant documentation (such as financial statements, time- lines, and short biographies, often referred to in the case study as . Similarly, teaching case studies have become increasingly popular in science education. The National Center for Case Studies in Teaching Science. A new generation of scholars and educators have recently started to call for a more embodied engagement with case studies, using dramaturgy, creative techniques, and emotional involvement, too. The teaching case studies need not adhere strictly to the use of evidence, as they can be manipulated to satisfy pedagogical needs. The generalizations from teaching case studies also may relate to pedagogical issues rather than the substance of the case being studied. Unfortunately, the contrast between the two types of case studies have not always been appreciated. For this reason, many people have had poor impressions of the validity and generalizability of case study research. Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 4. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 4. Rolls, Geoffrey (2. Classic Case Studies in Psychology. Hodder Education, Abingdon, England. Permanent Present Tense: The Unforgettable Life of the Amnesic Patient, H. M. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 4. Rodger Kessler & Dale Stafford. Collaborative Medicine Case Studies: Evidence in Practice. A typology for the case study in social science following a review of definition, discourse and structure. Research Design; Qualitative and Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 4. Qualitative Sozialforschung. Weihnhein, Basel, 2. Fenno, R. American Political Science Review. Wieviorka (1. 99. Case studies: history or sociology? In Ragin, Charles C.; Becker, Howard Saul, eds. What Is a Case?: Exploring the Foundations of Social Inquiry. Cambridge University Press. Encyclopedia of Public Relations. There are three major types of case studies common to public relations: linear, process- oriented and grounded. The American Catholic Sociological Review. Glaser and Strauss, The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research (New York: Aldine, 1. ISBN 9. 78- 0. 20. Robert E. Stake, The Art of Case Study Research (Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1. ISBN 0- 8. 03. 9- 5. X^(Mac. Donald, B., & Walker, R. Cambridge Journal of Education 5, pp. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications)^Encyclopedia of Consumer Culture^D. A. Garvin (Sept.- Oct. Making the Case: Professional Education for the World of Practice. Harvard Magazine, 1. W. The Case Study Handbook: How to Read, Write, and Discuss Persuasively about Cases. Harvard Business School Press. Exploring Cases Using Emotion, Open Space and Creativity. Case- based Teaching and Learning for the 2. Century. ISBN 9. 78 1 9. Management Consulting Formula. Retrieved 1. 3 June 2. European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management. Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7. Eisenhardt, K. The Academy of Management Review. ISBN 0- 2. 62- 5. Gerring, John. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 5. Hanck. A guide for beginning researchers in the social sciences. Oxford University Press. 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